Neurology
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what is stroke?
Stroke is defined as a sudden death of brain cell either due to lack of blood supply to a specific area of the brain or due to a rupture of a blood vessel blocking blood flow to the brain. There are two types of stroke
Ischemic stroke: when there is an interrupted or reduced blood supply to the brain causing damage to the brain cells.
Hemorrhagic stroke: when bleeding from a blood vessel causes blockage of oxygen supply to the brain.
Risk factors
- Age
- Gender, more common in men
- Race, more common in black people
- Heredity
- Previous history of stroke
- hypertension
- Heart disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Oral contraceptives
Symptoms
- Weakness off the arm and legs/ usually one sided
- Having trouble speaking or understanding
- Loss of consciousness
- Loss of balance
- Headache
Diagnosis
- Complete Blood Count
- Organ Function Test
- Lipid Profile
- Brain CT scan
- MRI
- CTA (computed tomographic angiography
- MRA (magnetic resonance angiography
- Doppler sonography (carotid ultrasound)
- ECG
- Echocardiography
Treatments
- Oxygen support
- Blood pressure control
- TPA (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator)
- Surgery:-
- Craniotomy with open surgery to remove hematoma
- Aspiration of hematoma
- Endoscopic evacuation