Breast Cancer
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what is breast cancer?
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. In Ethiopia, it is the leading cause of female cancer accounting for about 22.6% of all female cancers according to GLOBOCAN 2018. It is also the leading cause of cancer death among females in Ethiopia.
Risk factors
- Early age at menarche
- Late menopause
- Late age of first pregnancy
- Nulliparity/ having no offspring
- Obesity
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Radiation exposure during adolescence
Symptoms
- Asymptomatic/ detected during screening
- Painless breast lump
- Thickening or distortion of the breast
- Blood-stained nipple discharge
- Change in color or appearance of areola
- Orange like breast appearance: diffuse enlargement, reddening and pitting of skin over the breast
- Axillary lymphadenopathy
- Cough or back pain from distant metastases
Diagnosis
- Complete blood count
- Liver function test
- Alkaline Phosphatase
- Bilirubin direct and total
- BRCA gene test
- FNAC or Biopsy
- Breast ultrasound
- Mammography
- MRI
Treatments
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Hormonal treatment
- Radiotherapy
- Targeted therapy